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This record is for demonstration
purposes only. There are also two
hypertext links (text underlined and in bold) towards the
designer of the
building and a former occupant. But unlike the records
in the complete
French version of the database, the other links do not
function. |
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©Photograph by Normand Rajotte commissioned for the
book Old
Montreal: History through Heritage, 2004. |
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Rear view of the building.
©City of Montréal, 2005
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Detail of the rear of the building.
©City of Montréal, 2005 |
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Historical name of the building: |
McKenzie Store-residence
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Other designation: |
- Auberge Les Passants du Sans Soucy
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Civic address: |
Unless otherwise noted, all civic addresses are taken
from the tax rolls of the Montreal Urban Community (1997).
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Location
map: |
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Physical
characteristics: |
- Number of stories: 3.5
with a half storey
under the roof
- Principal building material: stone
- Principal
roof type: pitched
For more information on the physical characteristics
of the building,
please consult the list of physical characteristics.
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This
store-residence, as it can be seen today, dates from 1829.
In the spring of that year, merchant John McKenzie, a partner
in the firm of Hector Russel & Company (dry
goods), purchased from Félix Vinet dit
Souligny a property on St. Paul Street with a two-storey
stone house and an outbuilding, as well as an adjoining
lot on St. François-Xavier Street. Three months
later, he hired mason Louis Comte to undertake a major
renovation of the stone house: the front façade
was demolished and rebuilt with ashlar (smooth cutstone
blocks laid in regular courses) and a third storey was
added. The firm of Hector Russel & Company occupied
the premises until the end of the 1830s. Research concerning
similar buildings indicates that this type of structure
combined commerce, or artisanal production, and housing.
However, it is not clear if one or other of the partners
lived on the premises, or if living quarters were rented
out to a third party. Beginning in 1846, when the use of
the building can be determined, the tenants who succeeded
one another occupied the whole building exclusively for
their businesses, anticipating a pattern that would become
generalized in the following decades.
Sold by the sheriff in 1840, possibly
as a result of the failure or dissolution of the partnership
of Russel and McKenzie, the property returned to the hands
of the Vinet family who in turn gave it to the Corporation
of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal in 1860. The latter
retained ownership for nearly a century. In the meantime,
tenants of different occupations followed one another in
a long series; from the 1870s, when two civic addresses
were assigned to the building, more than one tenant could
occupy the premises. Merchants and manufacturers, including
the firm Mulholland & Baker, established themselves
in the building up until the end of the 19th century. Beginning
in the 20th century, the premises were occupied by printers,
notably Pierre Arbour and his partners, while during the
1940s the history of the building was marked by the fur
business. A printing establishment again occupied
this store-residence from the 1950s when Sam Jason, printer,
purchased it.
In 1989, the building was completely
renovated and turned into an inn. |
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This
store-residence was originally provided with a rear courtyard
accessible from St. François-Xavier Street, but
reduced in size by subsequent improvements. Following the
reconstruction of the building in 1829, the portion visible
from the street comprises three stories and a half-storey
in the garret while structures in the rear date from a
later period. The party walls extend above the roof line
to serve as fire-breaks, and incorporate the chimneys.
These features recall certain elements
of 18th-century urban houses in Montreal, however the use
of cut stone to cover the whole front facing the street
was an innovation in the 19th century, as was the use of
more elaborate architectural details to draw attention
to ground-floor businesses; both features are characteristic
of the store-residences erected in the years 1825-1850.
The pilasters and entablature that frame the openings,
although very simple, are part of neo-classical architectural
vocabulary that was very much in style during the first
half of the 19th century. These elements accentuate the
large openings that were originally fitted out with mullioned
show-windows. The latter made their first appearance in
Montreal during the 1820s and served to display a merchant’s
new wares. In keeping with the prominence of the street
front, the upper stories were covered with ashlar, but
the restrained treatment of the stone and the size of the
window openings suggest the presence of living quarters,
at least during the early years, although there is no evidence
to confirm that that was the case here. As in houses erected
during the 18th century, the symmetrically arranged windows
diminish in size from one storey to the next.
The symmetrical
architectural treatment of the ground floor is clearly
conceived as having two entrances. However, various historical
sources indicate that the building had only one commercial
address from the end of the 1840s to the early 1870s.
Evidently, the two entrances were used by the same occupant. |
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Date of construction: |
1829
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Designer/builder: |
- Louis Comte
(master mason)
Information concerning
the career of the designer/builder
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Owner-builder: |
- John McKenzie (dry goods merchant)
(owner from
1829-04-02 to 1840-07-13) The firm of Hector
Russel & Company, of which McKenzie was one of the two partners, appears
to have occupied the premises until it was dissolved sometime between 1837 and
1840. The date indicated for the end of the ownership by McKenzie corresponds
to the date when the sheriff sold the property.
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Comment
concerning the construction
Renovated in 1829, this building incorporates
structural elements from a previous two-storey stone house
that was built following the fire which destroyed this sector
in 1765. It is possible that part of the western portion of
the rear wall dates from this earlier period, but it cannot
be confirmed. |
Specific function(s): |
- wholesale
trade
- retail trade
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General function(s):
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Specific building type:
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Comment
Although the upper floors of this type
of building generally served a residential function, no evidence
has been found to indicate that that was originally the case
for this store-residence.
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Construction work 1: |
Date of work: circa 1860 (entre 1846 et 1880) Modification
of the horizontal volume of the building.
A
four-storey stone extension was added to the rear on the east side. |
Construction work 2: |
Date of work: circa 1965 Modification of the horizontal
volume of the building. Modification of
the vertical volume of the building. Addition
of one or more stories to the building. Removal
of a pitched or mansard roof.
The
rear slope of the pitched roof was replaced by a flat roof and a partial fifth
storey was added. A second extension of one storey was added to the rear. |
Construction work 3: |
Date of work: 1989 Modification of the vertical
volume of the building. Addition of one
or more stories to the building.
Restoration or conversion of the building.
The
second extension was raised by two stories and the entire building was renovated
to serve as an inn. |
Other proprietors or tenants (selective) |
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Proprietors: |
- Corporation of the Roman Catholic Bishop
of Montreal
(owner from
1860-04-24 to 1948-12-15) On March 7, 1913, the
corporation sold the property to Samuel B. Townsend, merchant, who sold it back
to the corporation on March 23, 1917.
- Sam Jason (printer)
(owner from
1952-04-16 to 1987-12-07) Jason’s firm,
the Reliable Printing Company, occupied the premises.
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Tenants: |
- Mulholland & Baker (hardware merchants)
(tenant from
1859 to 1877)
Additional
information available for the year 1873
Henry
Mulholland, one of the partners in Mulholland & Baker, was a partner with Benjamin Brewster in the firm
Brewster and Mulholland from 1849 to 1859. That business occupied the McKenzie
store-residence during the same period.
- Pierre-Alexis Arbour (printer)
(tenant from c.1895 to c. 1910) Arbour
was in partnership with Omer C. Laperle and then Charles Dupont.
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Heritage protection for the building |
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The
building is situated in the following protective zones:
- Historic District of Montreal (Old
Montreal) (1964-01-08) (provincial jurisdiction)
- Secteur significatif à critères (PIIA) Vieux-Montréal
partie ouest (municipal jurisdiction)
- Secteur de valeur patrimoniale exceptionnelle Vieux-Montréal (municipal
jurisdiction)
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Building:
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0040-41-4635-00
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Property: |
0040-41-4635
Record 1 of 1 for this property
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For more information on the history
or architecture of this building,
please consult the following
sources:
- Sources - Bâtiments 1642 à nos jours
- Sources - Bâtiments 1840 à nos jours
- Inventaire (1980-...) - Dossiers, 14330-0523 171-173 rue Saint-Paul ouest
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All rights reserved.
Last updated: January
31, 2005
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